Moore, the language of the Mossi, is spoken by a great majority of the population, and Dyula is widely used in commerce. French is the official language, although it is not widely spoken. Other groups of Burkina Faso include the Hausa and the Tuareg, whose languages are classified as Afro-Asiatic, and the Fulani, whose language (Fula) is a Niger-Congo language of the Atlantic branch.Ĭitizens of Burkina Faso, regardless of their ethnic origin, are collectively known as Burkinabé. Mande languages, which also form a branch of the Niger-Congo family, are spoken by groups such as the Samo, the Marka, the Busansi, and the Dyula. Other Gur-speaking peoples are the Gurunsi, the Senufo, the Bwa, and the Lobi. The last-mentioned group has Mande origins but is assimilated into the Mossi and shares their language (called Moore). They have absorbed a number of peoples including the Gurma and the Yarse. They speak a Niger-Congo language of the Gur branch and have been connected for centuries to the region they inhabit. The major ethnolinguistic group of Burkina Faso is the Mossi. A counter-coup was launched in 1983, which left Captain Thomas Sankara in charge. There was another coup, led by Saye Zerbo in 1980, which in turn was overthrown in 1982. The country’s first military coup occurred in 1966 it returned to civilian rule in 1978. On December 11, 1958, it achieved self-government, and became a republic and member of the Franco-African Community (La Communauté Franco-Africaine).įull independence was attained in 1960. ![]() On SeptemUpper-Volta was recreated with its 1932 boundaries. On March 1, 1919, François Charles Alexis Édouard Hesling became the first governor of the new colony of Upper-Volta, which was broken up September 5, 1932, being shared between the Côte d’Ivoire, Mali and Niger. It was originally administered as part of Côte d’Ivoire colony, but became a separate colony in 1919. Its inhabitants participated in the First World War in the heart of the battalions of the Senegalese Infantry (Tirailleurs sénégalais). In 1904, these territories were integrated into French West Africa in the heart of the Upper-Senegal-Niger (Haut-Sénégal-Niger) colony. In 1898, the majority of the region corresponding to Burkina Faso today was conquered. From colony to independence In 1896, the Mossi kingdom of Ouagadougou became a French protectorate after being defeated by French forces. Elsewhere, the remains of high walls are localised in the southwest of Burkina Faso (as well as in the Côte d’Ivoire), but the people who built them have not yet been definitely identified.īurkina Faso was a very important economic region for the Songhai Empire during the 15th and 16th centuries. They left the area between the 15th and 16th centuries BC to settle in the cliffs of Bandiagara. Relics of the Dogon are found in the centre-north, north and north west region. ![]() The use of iron, ceramics and polished stone developed between 15 BC, as well as a preoccupation with spiritual matters, as shown by the burial remains which have been discovered. Settlements appeared between 36 BC with farmers, the traces of whose structures leave the impression of relatively permanent buildings. ![]() Like all of the west of Africa, Burkina Faso was populated early, notably by hunter-gatherers in the northwestern part of the country (12,000 to 5000 BC), and whose tools (scrapers, chisels and arrowheads) were discovered in 1973.
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